Methylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant commonly prescribed to treat Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. It works by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, such as dopamine and norepinephrine, which help improve attention, focus, and impulse control. Methylphenidate is available in various formulations, including immediate-release and extended-release tablets.